The Basics of Erectile Dysfunction

You may not know this but it is common for men to occasionally experience erectile dysfunction, especially when under a lot of stress, with the overconsumption of alcohol, or due to fatigue. By definition, erectile dysfunction is when a man is unable to maintain a firm enough erection to engage in sexual intercourse with his partner. Men experience erectile dysfunction more often as they get older because of decreased testosterone levels associated with age. Lower testosterone causes changes in sexual function such as impotence or decreased sex drive.

While erectile dysfunction most commonly affects middle-aged to older men, it can affect younger men as well. If men suffer from erectile dysfunction often or on a regular basis, it can be a sign of an underlying health condition.  There are plenty of risk factors for erectile dysfunction, but one of the most prominent is chronic disease. Here is a detailed look at some of the biggest risk factors of erectile dysfunction and how they can lead to impotence:

1.     High Blood Pressure:

This can directly lead to erectile dysfunction, as can the medicines used to treat it.  These medications act by lowering the pressure inside blood vessels, in order to decrease the strain on the heart.  In men, this decreased blood flow can interfere with erections, ejaculation and sexual desire.

2.     Diabetes:

This condition can damage blood vessels and nerves, two big components of sexual function.  As with high blood pressure, the reduced blood flow resulting from damaged vessels can contribute to erectile dysfunction.

3.     High Cholesterol:

Statins and other drugs used to treat high cholesterol, act by restricting the amount of cholesterol.  Cholesterol is an essential building block of hormones, including sex hormones like testosterone.  A reduction in cholesterol can lead to reduced production of these hormones, and effect a man’s ability to maintain an erection.

4.     Depression/Anxiety:

Antidepressants act by blocking chemicals in the brain, particularly chemicals that relay signals between nerve cells: serotonin, norepinephrine and acetylcholine.  It is well documented that decreased libido, diminished ability to orgasm, impotence and ejaculation are associated with antidepressant usage.  Performance anxiety, or work related stress can also hinder erectile function.

5.     Alcohol:

Alcohol can inhibit erectile functioning by causing a restriction in blood flow to the penis and can affect production of the male hormone testosterone, affecting sex drive and erections.  Furthermore, alcohol is a depressant, and using it heavily can dampen mood, decrease sexual desire, and make it difficult for a man to achieve erections or reach an orgasm while under the influence.

6.     Smoking:

Smoking cigarettes increases the risk of atherosclerosis, which can reduce blood flow throughout the body, including to the penis, impairing a man's ability to get erection. Quitting smoking can help some men partly or fully restore erectile function.  There are also some studies that show smoking marijuana impairs smooth muscle function, affecting the penis which is 70-80% smooth muscle.

7.     Cocaine:

In men, chronic cocaine use can cause delayed or impaired ejaculation.  Furthermore, cocaine is a vasoconstrictor, meaning that it causes blood vessels to constrict, and blood vessels in the penis need to be dilated in order for an erection to occur.

What is Testicular Cancer?

Every twenty-four hours, one man dies of testicular cancer? According to the American Cancer Society, it is one of the leading cancers in men between the ages of 15 and 35. The average age of diagnosis is 33 years old. Cancer is often thought of as an older person’s disease. However, younger men need to be on the lookout for testicular cancer.

The good news – testicular cancer is one of the most curable cancers. If caught in time, it is highly treatable, even after the cancer has spread outside the testicles. The best way men can minimize their risk for testicular cancer is to know the key information about the disease.

Key facts about testicular cancer:

·       Typically develops in one or both testicles in young men

·       Most common cancer in American males ages 15-35

o   Average age of diagnosis – 33 years old

o   6% of cases occur in children and teens

o   7% occur in men over 55

·       Every 24 hours, 24 men will be diagnosed with testicular cancer

·       Every 24 hours, one man dies from testicular cancer

·       Highly treatable and usually curable

o   Over 95% survival rate

 Risk factors

·       Undescended testicle

·       Family history

·       HIV infection

·       History of carcinoma in situ (non-invasive form of testicular germ cell cancer)

·       Cancer of the other testicle

·       Age 20-39 at highest risk

·       Race and ethnicity – most common in white men

·       Body size – taller men may be more prone

Signs and symptoms

·       Lump or swelling in either testicle

·       Discomfort or pain in testicle

·       Feeling of heaviness in scrotum

·       Pain in back or lower abdomen

·       Enlargement of testicle

·       Change in way testicle feels

*May be no symptoms at all

 Recommendations for testicular self-exam

·       American Cancer Society recommends a testicular exam by a doctor as part of a routine cancer-related check-up

·       Does not recommend regular self-exams for all men

·       Some doctors recommend all men perform monthly self-exams after puberty (esp. those with risk factors)